In 1825 Upper Peru became the independent nation of Bolivia. 

Wherein Gen. Sucre wins a very Bolivarian battle.

Simòn Bolívar and Jose de San Martin met for the first and only time in July 1822 

In 1822, Antonio Jose Sucre and Simon Bolivar liberated Quito and made Gran Colombia whole. 

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Lord Thomas Cochrane turned out to be the key to Peru. 

José de San Martín gets zonked on opium and marches through the Andes. 

On June 24, 1821 the Battle of Carabobo secured permanent independence for Venezuela. 

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2 T-shirts!

3 Screenprints!

5 New episodes of The History of Rome!

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Do not buy land in Poyais. 

In 1820 a mutiny in Cádiz changed the course of Spanish American history. 

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In July 1819 Bolívar led a legendary march into the mountains to liberate New Granada once and for all. 

In January 1818 Simón Bolívar met José Antonio Páez. The War of Venezuelan Independence would never be the same. 

With an assist from the Republic of Haiti, Simon Bolivar launched a new expedition to Venezuela in 1816.

Enter José de San Martín and Bernardo O'Higgins. 

The restoration of King Ferdinand VII spelled big trouble for Spanish American Independence. 

In 1814 Simón Bolívar met the Legions of Hell. It wasn't pretty. 

Simón Bolívar left Venezuela in 1812. He came back in 1813. 

Things did not go well for the First Venezuelan Republic. 

in 1810 Simón Bolívar brought Francisco de Miranda home. 

Further unrest plagued Spanish America in 1809 as the situation deteriorated back in Spain. 

In May 1808 Napoleon deposed the Spanish Monarchy.

1n 1806, two invasions of South America tested the waters of independence. Also, Bolívar swears to liberate his country or die trying. 

Enter Bolívar. 

After the Seven Years War the Spanish American Empire was hit with an array of revolts. Also six degrees of Francisco de Miranda. 

After the Bourbons came to power they reformed the Spanish Empire and along the way created the Viceroyalty of New Granada. 

After Columbus "discovered" America the Spanish built up an empire upon which the sun never set. 

1806-Present. Enjoy.

After declaring independence, Jean-Jacques Dessalines ordered the extermination of the white French. 

Done at the headquarters of Gonaives, the first day of January 1804, the first year of independence.

The new nation of Haiti was born on New Years Day 1804.

In the summer of 1802 the worst Yellow Fever epidemic on record hit Saint-Domingue--making it very difficult to re-impose slavery. 

With the massive expedition he assembled, Bonaparte reckoned it would take three months to retake Saint-Domingue.

In 1801 Toussaint Louverture annexed Santo Domingo and promulgated a new constitution without permission from France. First Consul Bonaparte was not amused. 

From 1799-1800 Toussaint Louverture and Andre Rigaud fought a civil war for control of Saint-Domingue. 

Toussaint Louverture began to craft an independent foreign policy for Saint-Domingue in 1798.

In 1797, Touissant used the conservative victory in the elections of Year V to solidify his own position in Saint-Domingue.

By mid-1796, Toussaint Louverture had no rival on Saint-Domingue. Then Sonthonax came back.

From the summer of 1794 to the summer of 1795, the future of Saint-Domingue hung in the balance.

In February 1794, the National Convention not only ratified the emergency emancipation of the slaves, they extended it even further.

Le Cap burns. White colonial rule ends. The slaves are freed.

The Second Commission was supposed to implement the Law of April 4 and defeat the slave uprising. This turned out to be harder than they thought.

With slave revolts and civil war erupting in Saint-Domingue, the Legislative Assembly abolished all racial distinctions on April 4, 1792. 

First the whites revolted. Then the free coloreds revolted. Then the slaves REALLY revolted.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen sure seemed to imply that men were born free and equal in rights. In fact, it explicitly said so.

Wherein we find out what everyone thought about everyone else.

Direct Link: 4.02- The Web of Tension

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The French colony of Saint-Domingue was the single most lucrative colony in the New World.

One last look back at the pile of severed heads.

This is a real thing that is actually happening:

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Napoleon conquered Europe. Then he got beat and the Bourbons came back.

Twitter: @mikeduncan

After coming to power in 1799, First Consul Bonaparte achieved many of the Revolution's dreams and healed many of its open wounds. So he declared himself Emperor in 1804.

And his name is Napoleon Bonaparte.

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When the War of the Second Coalition got off to a terrible start for the French, the Triumvirate that had been running the Directory since 1797 was overthrown.

Hey look I'm on Twitter: https://twitter.com/mikeduncan

While Bonaparte was off trying to conquer Egypt, the rest of Europe mobilized against France.

In July 1798 Bonaparte and his healthy, hopeful army arrived in Egypt. In August 1799 Bonaparte ditched his now demoralized, plague-ridden army and sailed for home.

The Directory manipulated the elections of Year VI to block left-wing candidates. Meanwhile Talleyrand provoked the Americans into war and Bonaparte sailed for Egypt.

After Fructidor the Directory cracked down on the conservatives. They also created more sister republicans to systematically loot.

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After taking a drubbing in the elections Year V, the Directory decided to just annul the results.

Bonaparte almost gets beat! But then he doesn't. Also don't invade Ireland in December.

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Control the central position. Move on the rear. Live off the land.

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The adventures of everyone's favorite proto-communist. k

When the Thermidorean Convention introduced the Constitution of Year III, the political Right went a little nuts.

That's the slogan that rallied the last remnents of the sans culottes to action...right before they got crushed by the Thermidorean Convention.

The terrible winter of 1794-95 helped France push back all her enemies. Also...Poland!

After the events of 9 Thermidor, the Revolution began to swing back to the right.

The events of 9 Thermidor II brought Act I of the French Revolution to a gruesome end.

Promoting a fundraising drive spearheaded by Scott Chesworth at the Ancient World podcast to help preseve Syria's massively important cultural treasures.

Link to The Ancient World for all the Details.

Direct Link to the Syrian Heritage Initiative

Direct Link to Scott's findraising page for the International Rescue Committee

If the mainspring of popular government in peacetime is virtue, amid revolution it is at once virtue and terror: virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is impotent.

In the spring of 1794. the Revolution devoured a few of her most beloved children.

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At the end of 1793, the Committee of Public Safety completed it's consolidation of power.

Do not get into a popularity contest with George Washington.

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Marie Antoinette thought he was behind EVERYTHING

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In Oct 1793 the French Revolution took a stab at reforming time itself.

In October 1793 the Reign of Terror got started with the executions of Marie Antoinette and the Girondins.

In the fall of 1793, the French Republic started to gain traction against its enemies. Setting up the stage for the Reign of Terror.

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In the summer of 1793 a re-organized Committee of Public Safety began to consolidate power.

In the summer of 1793 the Revolutionaries in Paris were besieged from all sides.

Question Time!

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On May 31-June 2, 1793 Paris once again rose in armed insurrection against the national government.

In the spring of 1793 revolts against Paris started erupting all over France.

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After the Battle of Valmy the French armies advanced on all fronts. 

King Louis XVI was put on trial by the National Convention and executed Jan 21, 1793.

The National Convention voted unanimously to abolish the monarchy on Sept 21, 1792. Then they proceeded to go at each others throats. 

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With the Allied armies approaching Paris, the sans-culottes broke into all the prisoners and slaughtered the inmates. 

On Aug 10, 1792 the radical sections of Paris overthrew the monarchy.

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In April 1792 France declared war on Austria.

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Talleyrand!

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The new Legislative Assembly convened in October 1791 and quickly put France on the path to war. 

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Check it out! Buy the Five-Sided Cross! And then buy everything else!

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As the National Assembly drew to a close, the Triumvirate rose to power.

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After the Flight to Varennes, populist agistators in Paris called for an end to the monarchy, leading to a bloody confrontation in July 1791.

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Would really like to get my hands on the salacious limericks the good Emperor composed while whacked on spice. 

In June 1791 the royal family tried to escape from Paris, but they were busted while passing through Verennes. 

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After the Feast of the Federation, Revolutionary France was outwardly calm, but internally divided. 

In the leadup to the great Fête de la Fédération, the Marquis de Lafayette and a group of liberal nobles began to direct the course of the Revolution. 

After the move to Paris, radical delegates from the National Assembly formed a new political club to help push their agenda.

In October 1789 some angry houswives changed the course of the French Revolution. 

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Enjoy. 

After the Night of August 4th, the National Assembly divided into new political factions. 

After a wave of chaos spread across France, the National Assembly abolished feudalism on the night of Aug. 4, 1789.